Rosh Hashana, the head of the year
The holiday of Rosh Hashana, "The New Year" takes place at the beginning of the Hebrew month Tishrei. And it is known to us by this name only in the Mishnah, becoming a term used for quite some time.
In the Torah this holiday is called "Yom Teruah" (The day of the blowing of the Shofar). And "Zikaron Terua" (Reminder of the blowing of the Shofar) of the liturgy, Rosh Hashana is also named with two additional names: "Yom Hazikaron" (Day of remembrance) and "Yom Hadin" (Day of judgment).
Of these five names, the term "Rosh Hashana" became the most popular. But each of the other terms also expresses a special characteristic of this holiday.
The names of the Torah: Yom Teruah and Zikaron Terua, imply according to tradition the duty to blow the Shofar.
This instrument is intended to sound the alarm of the solemn season that is approaching, in order to awaken the Jewish people to prayers and repentance.
This sound serves as a reminder signal of the historical event that made Israel a people, either on the occasion of the great event, on Mount Sinai, as well as at the entrance to Israel, and also on occasions of the proclamation of the Jubilee Year. In history all these occasions were announced by the sound of the Shofar.
As we know, nowhere in the Torah was it mentioned that the year begins at the beginning of the month of Tishrei, and it is highly probable that the month of Tishrei was considered in early Biblical times as "the first month of the year ", but the change in the hierarchy of Tishrei that must be considered like the seventh of the year, took place only after the Exodus of Egypt, this point of view derives in the Biblical references regarding the flood.
This event begins in the second month, which according to Rabbi Eliezer, was "Mar Cheshvan", the month after Tishrei.
On the other hand, if Mar Cheshvan was also called "Bul" (flood) in ancient times, which is defined in the book of Kings as the eighth month, it is obvious that changes occurred in the numerical order of the months. Furthermore, there are two passages in the Tanakh, in the books of Ezra and Melachim (Kings) that refer to the first day of the seventh month as a holiday, a holy day.
Many other references in earlier and later Jewish literature also prove that the month of Tishrei is the seventh month and that Rosh Hashana, the New Year, begins on the first of this month.
Commenting on the statement of the same Mishna says that the first of Tishrei begins the calendar year. Rabbi Najman B. Issac says: It refers to the annual Divine Judgment as it is written: "The eyes of the Creator, your God are always on her, from the beginning of the year to the end of the year "(Deuteronomy 11,12)
In other words, from the beginning of the year the sentence of what is going to happen until the end of the year is dictated. How do we know that this occurs in the month of Tishrei?
Because it is written in "Blow the trumpet in the new moon" on the concealed date "on the day of our feast" what is the feast in which we blow the Shofar and the moon is covered? Surely it is none other than the New Year, because it is the only party that takes place at the beginning of the month, when the moon is not yet visible, as it "hides".
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